Advisory Contracts – Transition for Newly Registered Advisers

The SEC’s Division of Investment Management supplemented its Investment Management Staff Issues of Interest posting on the SEC website to include no-action relief for a newly registering adviser under Section 205(a)(2) and (3). Those include requirements that (1) an investment advisory contract not be assigned without consent and (2) that if the advisor is a partnership, the advisor will notify the client of any change in the membership of such partnership within a reasonable time after such change

The SEC has previously sought to minimize the disruption to the contracts of newly registering advisers when such contracts were permissible at the time they were entered into. For example, the SEC allowed performance fees for newly registered funds in Investment Advisers Act Release No. 2333 (Dec. 2, 2004)  More recently, the SEC permitted performance fees to formerly qualified clients after the SEC increased the threshold to be so qualified in  Investment Advisers Act Release No. 3372 (Feb. 15, 2011.

The advisor will need to meet three standards:

 (i) the advisory contract was entered into or last amended prior to the submission of the adviser’s application for registration;

(ii) any future amendment of the advisory contract will include the provisions required under Sections 205(a)(2) and (3);

(iii) the adviser undertakes to operate and perform under the advisory contract as if it contained the provisions specified in sections 205(a)(2) and (3)

 

Here is the text of the SEC language:

Advisory Contracts – Transition for Newly Registered and Registering Advisers

Sections 205(a)(2) and (3) of the Advisers Act generally prohibit registered advisers, and advisers required to be registered, from entering into, extending, renewing, or performing under an advisory contract that fails to include the provisions specified by those sections. In general, this means that an advisory contract must provide that (i) the contract may not be assigned by a registered adviser without the consent of the client and (ii) the registered adviser, if a partnership, will notify its clients of any change in membership within a reasonable time after such change.

As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act changes to the Advisers Act, previously exempt advisers are now required to register with the Commission. Nevertheless, newly registering advisers may be operating under existing advisory contracts that were entered into when such advisers were neither registered nor required to be registered with the Commission. As a result, these advisory contracts may fail to include the specified provisions of sections 205(a)(2) and (3). Advisers may need to seek the consent of their clients to amend the advisory contracts to include these provisions. Obtaining the consent of clients in a timely fashion to amend all existing advisory contracts, however, may be impracticable for some advisers.

The Commission has previously sought to minimize the disruption to the contracts of newly registering advisers when such contracts were permissible at the time they were entered into. See e.g., Investment Advisers Act Release No. 2333 (Dec. 2, 2004) (the Commission adopted rules to grandfather pre-existing contractual arrangements providing for performance-based compensation that were entered into when the adviser was exempt from registration) and Investment Advisers Act Release No. 3372 (Feb. 15, 2011) (the Commission adopted rules to grandfather pre- existing performance fee contractual arrangements that satisfied the requirements of the rule at the time that the contract was entered into ).

Accordingly, the staff would not recommend enforcement action to the Commission under sections 205(a)(2) and (3) of the Advisers Act if an adviser that has applied for registration but was not registered, nor required to be registered, when it entered into its advisory contracts, did not amend an advisory contract to include the provisions required by sections 205(a)(2) and (3), provided that: (i) the adviser undertakes to operate and perform under the advisory contract as if it contained the provisions specified in sections 205(a)(2) and (3), (ii) the adviser discloses such undertaking to the client and, in the case of a private fund client, each investor (or independent representative of the investors) in such client, (iii) the advisory contract was entered into or last amended prior to the submission of the adviser’s application for registration; and (iv) any future amendment of the advisory contract would include the statutory provisions set forth in sections 205(a)(2) and (3). [March 30, 2012]

The SEC Is Making it Harder for Investment Advisers to Earn Performance Fees

The Securities and Exchange Commission is proposing to raise the dollar thresholds for someone to be considered a “qualified client.”

The definition of a qualified client is set out in Rule 205-3. This is an exemption to the Section 205(a)(1) general prohibition on performance fees.  Section 205(e) grants the SEC the power to create an exemption from the limitation “on the basis of such factors as financial sophistication, net worth, knowledge of and experience in financial matters, amount of assets under management, relationship with a registered investment adviser,” and other factors. The SEC created an exemption in Rule 205-3 for “qualified clients.”

Section 418 of the requires the SEC to adjust the standard for a Qualified Client for the effects of inflation within one year and then every five years.

Back in August I predicted the standard would be raised to a minimum investment of $1 million and the minimum net worth would rise to $2 million. I was proven wrong about my prediction of a rise in the accredited investor standard.

The SEC is proposing that the standard increase to a minimum investment of $1 million and the minimum net worth would rise to $2 million. As to net worth, they are excluding the value of a person’s primary residence.

The SEC is using the same primary residence calculation they used in the “new” accredited investor standard. So, if you owe more on your mortgage than the value of your house, then you need to treat the overage as a negative asset. Once again, owning a house can only be a negative for the SEC standards.

While I used the CPI-I standard as the benchmark for inflation, the SEC chose to use the Personal Consumption Expenditures Chain-Type Price Index (“PCE Index”), published by the Department of Commerce

One of the comments the SEC is seeking in the proposed rule is whether the PCE index is the appropriate measure of inflation.

As for private  funds, Rule 205-3(b) requires a look -through from the fund to the investors in the fund. Each “equity owner … will be considered a client for purposes of the” limitation.  If the fund is relying on the 3(c)(7) exemption from the Investment Company Act then the fund’s investors should be “qualified purchasers”  and you won’t need to look much further. If the fund is using the 3(c)(1) exemption, then it will need to take a closer look at its investors to make sure that each is a qualified client.

Sources:

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Performance Fees for Private Investments Funds under the Investment Adviser Act

regulatory umbrella

As  more private investment funds will be pulled under the regulatory umbrella of the Investment Advisers Act,they will need to focus on the limitation on performance fees.

Section 205(a)(1) of the Advisers Act generally prohibits any investment adviser, unless exempt from registration pursuant to Section 203(b) of the Advisers Act, from entering into, extending, renewing, or performing under any investment advisory contract if the contract includes a performance fee. With the financial reform bill likely to pass any day, the 203(b) exemption will evaporate for many private investment funds.

Section 205(e) grants the SEC the power to create an exemption from the limitation “on the basis of such factors as financial sophistication, net worth, knowledge of and experience in financial matters, amount of assets under management, relationship with a registered investment adviser,” and other factors. The SEC created an exemption in Rule 205-3 for “qualified clients.”

A “qualified client”

1. has at least $750,000 under the management with the investment adviser

2. has a net worth of more than $1.5 million at the of the investment

3. is a “qualified purchaser” as defined in section 2(a)(51)(A) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 [15 U.S.C. 80a-2(a)(51)(A)]

4. is an executive officer, director, trustee, general partner, or person serving in a similar capacity, of the investment adviser

or

5. is an employee of the investment adviser who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, participates in the investment activities of such investment adviser.

The rule requires a look -through from the fund to the investors in the fund. If the fund is relying on the 3(c)(7) exemption from the Investment Company Act then the fund’s investors should all be qualified purchasers or knowledgeable employees and you won’t need to look much further.

If the fund is using the 3(c)(1) exemption, then it will need to take a closer look at its investors to make sure that each is a qualified client.

Sources:

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