Tag: City of Ontario v. Quon

Supreme Court Rules on the Privacy of Text Messages

Sort of.

The Supreme Court issued its ruling in Ontario v. Quon regarding a police chief reviewing the content of a police officer’s text messages with consent or a warrant. Many commenters hoped that the Court would issue a broad statement on an employee’s privacy rights in this age of cloud computing and web 2.0.

The Court chose to rule on very narrow grounds and not address the electronic privacy issue:

“A broad holding concerning employees’ privacy expectations vis-à-vis employer-provided technological equipment might have implications for future cases that cannot be predicted. It is preferable to dispose of this case on narrower grounds.”

The Justices were hesitant to jump into the battle about electronic privacy:

“The Court must proceed with care when considering the whole concept of privacy expectations in communications made on electronic equipment owned by a government employer. The judiciary risks error by elaborating too fully on the Fourth Amendment implications of emerging technology before its role in society has become clear.

…

Prudence counsels caution before the facts in the instant case are used to establish far-reaching premises that define the existence, and extent, of privacy expectations enjoyed by employees when using employer-provided communication devices. Rapid changes in the dynamics of communication and information transmission are evident not just in the technology itself but in what society accepts as proper behavior.”

Instead, the Justices looked narrowly as the special situation of the government as an employer.  Since its the government, the Fourth Amendment’s protection against warrantless searches comes into play. (This is not applicable for a private employer.)  The standard  is that

“when conducted for a “non-investigatory, work-related purpos[e]”or for the “investigatio[n] of work-related misconduct,” a government employer’s warrantless search is reasonable if it is “‘justified at its inception’” and if “‘the measures adopted are reasonably related to the objectives of thesearch and not excessively intrusive in light of’” the circumstances giving rise to the search.”

Even if a government employee could assume some level of privacy in their messages, it would not have been reasonable for them to conclude that his messages were in all circumstances immune from scrutiny by the government employer.

Sources:

Quon Roundup on Employee Computer Privacy

Lots of discussion about the Quon case focused on the lack of technology expertise by the Justices on the Supreme Court. Actually, most people labeled them as Luddites. DC Dicta even claims that Chief Justice Roberts writes his opinions in long hand with pen and paper.

This issue that I am hoping to see addressed is how a stated policy on the use of a company’s hardware and network can be enforced in light of an employee’s expectations of privacy.

I doubt that issue will be addressed directly. The Quon case involves a government employee so the discussion of the issue will likely focus on the Fourth Amendment protection. These protections are largely irrelevant for private employees.

Even if the Justices avoid the Fourth Amendment issues, they may decide the case under the Stored Communications Act. That’s a rather boring and technical law. It’s also largely irrelevant to the use of a company’s hardware and network. Although it may provide some insight for the use of cloud computing and web 2.0 site.

The United States Government, through the arguments of Neal K. Katyal, Deputy Solicitor General, seemed to ask the Court to adopt a bright-line rule that a company can trump the reasonableness of any employee’s expectation of privacy by issuing a policy that employees have no privacy in communications when using the company-provided hardware or network.

The Justices seemed fairly skeptical of that kind of bright-line rule in their questions of Mr. Katyal.

The problem is that tightly crafting laws to specifically address the use of particular communication technologies will fail. In the current environment, the technological advances in communications is moving much faster than the cogs of  bureaucracy in crafting regulations. The Supreme Court (well, at least Justice Alito) recognized that the expectations of privacy with new communication are in flux.

“There isn’t a well-established understanding about what is private and what isn’t private. It’s a little different from putting garbage out in front of your house, which has happened for a long time.”

The ruling in the case is expected sometime June at the end of the Supreme Court’s term. It’s certainly something for compliance professionals to keep an eye on.

Sources:

Image of P2000 Pager.JPG is by Kevster