2010 – Page 38 – Compliance Building

New Massachusetts Lobbying Law is now in Effect

massachusetts-quarter

In mid-2009, the Massachusetts Legislature was rocked by the highly public federal indictments of a state senator and speaker of the Massachusetts House. In response, the legislature passed a sweeping overhaul of its campaign finance, lobbying and government ethics laws.

There are new rules in the Commonwealth that went effective on January 1. (Massachusetts is a commonwealth, not a state, which of course is longer but has no legal meaning.)

Last week, “lobbying” was limited to direct contact with elected officials or other government employees. With the new law in place, “executive lobbying” and “legislative lobbying” have much broader definitions.

“Executive lobbying,” any act to promote, oppose, influence, or attempt to influence the decision of any officer or employee of the executive branch or an authority, including but not limited to, statewide constitutional officers and employees thereof, where such decision concerns legislation or the adoption, defeat or postponement of a standard, rate, rule or regulation promulgated pursuant to any general or special law, or any act to communicate directly with a covered executive official to influence a decision concerning policy or procurement; provided further, that executive lobbying shall include acts to influence or attempt to influence the decision of any officer or employee of a city or town when those acts are intended to carry out a common purpose with executive lobbying at the state level; and provided further, that executive lobbying shall include strategizing, planning, and research if performed in connection with, or for use in, an actual communication with a government employee; and provided, further, that “executive lobbying” shall not include providing information in writing in response to a written request from an officer or employee of the executive branch or an authority for technical advice or factual information regarding a standard, rate, rule or regulation, policy or procurement for the purposes of this chapter.

You have to register if you are an “executive agent” or “legislative agent.” There are four parts of those definition:

engage in executive or legislative lobbying (defined by the statute)
receive compensation for lobbying in excess of $2,500 in a six-month reporting period as regular salary or payments for lobbying
spend 25 hours or more engaged in lobbying activities in the 6 month reporting period
personally make at least one direct lobbying communication with a government employee.

Having trouble following along? The Secretary of Commonwealth put together this flow chart.

References:

You, Too, Could Be a Lobbyist (Even If You Don’t Want to Be) by Dan Haley of McDermott Will & Emery’s Government Strategies Practice Group
Unofficial Text of Chapter 28 of the Acts of 2009: AN ACT TO IMPROVE THE LAWS RELATING TO CAMPAIGN FINANCE, ETHICS AND LOBBYING
Lobbying FAQ from the Secretary of the Commonwealth
Lobbyist Registration and Reporting System
Are You Lobbying? pdf from the Secretary of State
New Massachusetts Campaign Finance, Ethics and Lobbying Law – prior post

Custody of Funds or Securities of Clients by Investment Advisers

sec-seal

The SEC released the final version of its new custody rule (.pdf). The Commissioners had announced their approval of the rule on December 17 and then released the final text on December 30. The rule goes into effect 60 days after publication in the Federal Register.

The amendments are designed to provide additional safeguards under the Advisers Act when a registered adviser has custody of client funds or securities by requiring such an adviser, among other things: to undergo an annual surprise examination by an independent public accountant to verify client assets; to have the qualified custodian maintaining client funds and securities send account statements directly to the advisory clients; and unless client assets are maintained by an independent custodian (i.e., a custodian that is not the adviser itself or a related person), to obtain, or receive from a related person, a report of the internal controls relating to the custody of those assets from an independent public accountant that is registered with and subject to regular inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Finally, the amended custody rule and forms will provide the Commission and the public with better information about the custodial practices of registered investment advisers.

This new custody rule is designed to catch a Madoff fraud.

The rule is limited in scope. Only SEC-registered investment advisories that control custody of their client’s assets – as Madoff did — are subject to the rule. Independent RIAs with client assets in custody with unaffiliated third parties are exempt from the final version of the rule.

The difference is that the SEC exempted investment advisers who were deemed to have custody merely because they had the authority to deduct their advisory fees from client accounts from the surprise audit requirement. The SEC also exempted pooled investment vehicles from the requirement if they have an annual GAAP audit by an independent public accountant.

Between 1,500 and 1,900 SEC-registered investment advisories provide in-house custody of securities and most of these are either broker-dealer affiliates or alternative-investment managers. This leaves well over 9,000 SEC-regulated RIAs and at least that many state-registered investment adviser firms free from the burdens of the rule. The SEC estimates the annual cost of compliance at about $8,000 a year, but TD Ameritrade estimates the cost is closer to $25,000 per year.

References:

Text of Rule IA-2968
SEC Approves New Custody Rule – prior post
SEC Releases Proposed Custody Rules for Investment Advisers – prior post
Most Investment Advisers Escape Madoff Audits from the WSJ.com’s Financial Adviser

Whales and Compliance

I was surprised to be thinking about compliance while I was reading about whales. Sure, I eat, drink and sleep compliance. But there are some lessons that compliance professionals can learn from the study of whales.

This came up while I was reading Watching Giants: The Secret Lives of Whales by Elin Kelsey.

My original interest in the book was its intersection between parenthood and whales. During college I took a class at the New England Aquarium on marine mammals taught by world-renown experts. The class was fascinating on many levels. As a parent, well, I find parenting itself interesting.

Whales are incredible species, reliant on breathing air, but needing to dive the depths of the ocean for food. For example, as the book points out, a blue whale opening its mouth to take in a school of krill is the biggest biomechanical event to happen on the planet. The scale of a whale’s life is well beyond the scale of humans. If you read about the parenting life of whales, I think you will be hard-pressed to believe that we have hunted many of these species to the brink of extinction.

Getting back to the compliance side of things, whales are hard to study. Fraud, corruption and misdeeds are hard to study. Whales spend over 95% of their time outside the boundary of human observation. The deeds that compliance professionals are looking for are also, for the most part, outside of our perception.

The compliance lesson that resonated with me was that we should not assume that we can see is truly representative of what is actually happening beneath the surface. We need to understand our perspective. What we can see and what we cannot see. When you look beneath the surface, something unexpected may be happening.

If you are looking for a good book to read, try Watching Giants: The Secret Lives of Whales.

Darth Vader and the New York Stock Exchange

Is this going to improve the image of the stock market? Darth Vader ringing the opening bell at the NYSE?!

Lucasfilm Ltd. Brings the Force to the New York Stock Exchange This Holiday Season – press release

After more than 30 years, Star Wars maintains its position as the #1 selling licensed toy property in the US, with sales over 60% ahead of any other toy license, and 25% ahead of the nearest boys toy property. To mark the occasion, Lucas Licensing’s Howard Roffman rang The Opening Bell.